System and/or method of locating a portable service access transceiver

ABSTRACT

Described are devices, methods, techniques and systems for locating a portable services access transceiver (PSAT) for use in aiding emergency “911” services. In one implementation, one or more conditions indicative of movement of a PSAT may initiate a process for obtaining a new estimated location of the PSAT. In another implementation, a location of a PSAT may be determined or updated using indoor navigation techniques.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.13/712,819, entitled “SYSTEM AND/OR METHOD OF LOCATING A PORTABLESERVICE ACCESS TRANSCEIVER,” filed Dec. 12, 2012, which is assigned tothe assignee hereof and is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Embodiments described herein are directed to techniques for locatingdevices.

2. Information

Implementation of location based services by network carriers hasprompted government regulators to require “911” emergency services inthat an emergency distress call from a cellular telephone are to beaccompanied with an estimated location of the cellular telephone makingthe call. To facilitate this feature, a cellular telephone may havecapabilities to estimate its own position from acquiring signals fromglobal positioning system (GPS) satellites or from other satellitepositioning systems (SPS), or from acquiring signals from terrestrialtransmitters using techniques such as observed time difference ofarrival (OTDOA) and/or advanced forward link trilateration (AFLT). Inother examples, a location of the cellular telephone may be roughlyestimated by determining a current cell that is serving the cellulartelephone, and associating the known location of the serving cell with alocation of the calling telephone. In yet other examples, a location ofa mobile device in an indoor environment may estimate its locationbased, at least in part, on acquisition of signals transmitted fromlocal transmitters (e.g., IEEE Std. 802.11 or Bluetooth transmitters).

To expand coverage for mobile telephony subscribers, wireless carriernetworks have been incorporating nodes as part of a self organizingnetwork (SON). Such nodes may comprise femto cells which may beinstalled by homeowners and small business owners to expand coveragewhere not provided by existing base stations in the wireless carriernetwork. Like other cellular base stations, a femto cell may support 911emergency services.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive aspects are described with reference tothe following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to likeparts throughout the various figures unless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating certain features of a systemcontaining a portable service access transceiver, in accordance with animplementation.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of updating certainty orreliability of an estimated location of a portable service accesstransceiver according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of updating an estimatedlocation of a portable service access transceiver, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 4A is a flow diagram illustrating a process of updating anestimated location of a portable service access transceiver according toan alternative embodiment.

FIG. 4B is a flow diagram illustrating a process of updating anestimated location of a portable service access transceiver according toanother alternative embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an exemplary portableservice access transceiver, in accordance with an implementation.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an example computing platform.

SUMMARY

Briefly, particular implementations are directed to a method comprising,at a portable service access transceiver: determining an estimatedlocation of the portable service access transceiver; transmitting one ormore first messages including said estimated location to a server foruse in a positioning service; detecting one or more conditionsindicative of movement of the portable service access transceiverrelative to a point of reference; and transmitting one or more secondmessages to said server indicating a reliability of or uncertainty insaid estimated location in response to said detection of said one ormore conditions.

Another particular implementation is directed to a portable serviceaccess transceiver comprising: a transmitter to transmit messages tolocations on a communication network; and a processor configured to:determine an estimated location of the portable service accesstransceiver; initiate transmission of one or more first messagesincluding said estimated location through said transmitter to a serverfor use in a positioning service; detect one or more conditionsindicative of movement of the portable service access transceiverrelative to a point of reference; and initiate transmission of one ormore second messages through said transmitter to said server indicatinga reliability of or uncertainty in said estimated location in responseto said detection of said one or more conditions.

Another particular implementation is directed to an article comprising:a non-transitory storage medium comprising machine-readable instructionsstored thereon which are executable by a special purpose computingapparatus configured to: determine an estimated location of a portableservice access transceiver; initiate transmission of one or more firstmessages including said estimated location to a server for use in apositioning service; detect one or more conditions indicative ofmovement of the portable service access transceiver relative to a pointof reference; and initiate transmission of one or more second messagesto said server indicating a reliability of or uncertainty in saidestimated location in response to said detection of said one or moreconditions.

Another particular implementation is directed to an apparatuscomprising: means for determining an estimated location of the portableservice access transceiver; means for transmitting one or more firstmessages including said estimated location to a server for use in apositioning service; means for detecting one or more conditionsindicative of movement of the portable service access transceiverrelative to a point of reference; and means for transmitting one or moresecond messages to said server indicating a reliability of oruncertainty in said estimated location in response to said detection ofsaid one or more conditions.

Another particular implementation is directed to a method comprising, ata personal service access transceiver (PSAT): communicating with alocation server to obtain indoor navigation assistance parameters;acquiring one or more indoor navigation signals; and computing anestimate of a location of the PSAT based, at least in part, onapplication of characteristics of at least one of said acquired signalsto said indoor navigation assistance parameters.

Another particular implementation is directed to a portable serviceaccess transceiver (PSAT) comprising: a receiver to acquire wirelesslytransmitted signals; and a processor to: communicate with a locationserver to obtain indoor navigation assistance parameters; obtaincharacteristics one or more indoor navigation signals acquired at saidreceiver; and compute an estimate of a location of the PSAT based, atleast in part, on application of characteristics of at least one of saidacquired signals to said indoor navigation assistance parameters.

Another particular implementation is directed to a method comprising, ata server: transmitting indoor navigation assistance parameters to aportable service access transceiver (PSAT); receiving an estimate of alocation of said PSAT determined based, at least in part, on saidtransmitted indoor navigation assistance parameters; and updating saidindoor navigation assistance parameters in a storage medium to includesaid received estimate of said location of said PSAT and an identifierof said PSAT, said updated indoor navigation assistance parameters to bemade available to mobile devices.

Another particular implementation is directed to a server comprising: acommunication interface; and one or more processors to: initiatetransmission of indoor navigation assistance parameters to a portableservice access transceiver (PSAT); obtain an estimate of a location ofsaid PSAT received at said communication interface and determined based,at least in part, on said transmitted indoor navigation assistanceparameters; and update said indoor navigation assistance parameters in astorage medium to include said received estimate of said location ofsaid PSAT and an identifier of said PSAT, said updated indoor navigationassistance parameters to be made available to mobile devices forpositioning operations.

Another particular implementation is directed to an article comprising:a storage medium comprising machine-readable instructions stored thereonwhich are executable by a special purpose computing apparatus configuredto: initiate transmission of indoor navigation assistance parameters toa portable service access transceiver (PSAT); obtain an estimate of alocation of said PSAT received at said communication interface anddetermined based, at least in part, on said transmitted indoornavigation assistance parameters; and update said indoor navigationassistance parameters in a storage medium to include said receivedestimate of said location of said PSAT and an identifier of said PSAT,said updated indoor navigation assistance parameters to be madeavailable to mobile devices for positioning operations.

It should be understood that the aforementioned implementations aremerely example implementations, and that claimed subject matter is notnecessarily limited to any particular aspect of these exampleimplementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While a femto cell may be repositioned by a local owner or operator,emergency services may entail determining a location of the femto cellafter it has been repositioned. As pointed out above, to support “911”emergency services, a femto cell may include a global positioning system(GPS) receiver to acquire signals for estimating a location of the femtocell. In addition to adding to the cost of manufacturing a femto cell,effective operation of a GPS receiver may require placement of an indoorfemto cell by a window. Also, the GPS receiver may not be effective inan urban canyon environment, regardless of whether such a femto cell isplaced by a window. In this context, it is recognized that devices suchas repeaters or femto cells may assist or extend coverage into indoorareas. For example, a repeater may extend coverage of a macro cellularnetwork into an indoor area by merely amplifying uplink and downlinksignals. Here, with application of a repeater, cellular communicationsare still provided through an existing macro network. A femto cell, onthe other hand, may emulate a cellular base station by being connectedto a cellular operator via a broadband Internet Protocol (IP) connection(e.g., wired or wireless). Similarly, a pico cell may extend coverageinto larger indoor areas such as high-rises or subways. In this context,a femto cell may be implemented in a home environment with small numberof users and a pico cell may be implemented in a larger environment tosever a large number of users. While a femto cell may be connected to acellular operator through a broadband IP connection as discussed above,a pico cell may be connected directly to a base station controller asanother base station transmitter. For a repeater and some pico cells,legacy approaches to position and location based services may applyemergency call routing. In this context, “femto cell” may refer to anydevice that emulates the behavior of a base station (e.g., eitherconnected to a cellular operator through a broadband IP connection ordirectly to a base station controller as a pico cell).

In one implementation, in addition to or in lieu of a GPS receiver andantenna, a femto cell may be configured to employ indoor navigationtechniques for obtaining a position fix by, for example, acquiringsignals from indoor transmitters (e.g., WiFi access points, Bluetoothtransmitters, etc.). For example, a femto cell may obtain indoorpositioning assistance parameters from a location server that isaccessible through a web service. Here, as part of a process ofinstalling a femto cell, the femto cell may be connected to a broadbandaccess device (e.g., DSL or cable modem). With this connection, thefemto cell may download indoor positioning assistance parameters suchas, for example, locations and identities (e.g., MAC addresses) of localtransmitters or radio heatmap metadata, indoor maps, just to provide afew examples. With indoor positioning assistance parameters, a femtocell may compute measurements of range to the indoor transmitters (e.g.,by measuring round-trip delay or signal strength) at known locations andcompute a position fix. A femto cell may compute a position fix based,at least in part, on measurements of an angle of arrival of signalsreceived from indoor transmitters at known locations. Alternatively, thefemto cell may associate characteristics of acquired indoor signals(e.g., signal angle of arrival, signal strength or round-trip delay)with expected signatures at grid points in a radio heatmap to obtain anestimated location. In an alternative implementation, a femto cell mayprovide observations of a local signal environment (e.g., fromtransmitters according to IEEE Std. 802.11 or Bluetooth) to a server toenable the server to compute a location of the femto cell using one ormore of the aforementioned indoor positioning techniques.

In another implementation, a femto cell may be preprogrammed with anInternet protocol (IP) address or URL of a location server capable ofproviding indoor navigation assistance parameters. To obtain correctindoor navigation assistance parameters, a rough location of the femtocell may be provided to the location server (e.g., most recent GPSposition fix, scan of WiFi devices to obtain MAC addresses oftransmitters at known, fixed locations, etc.). This rough location maybe determined to be in an area covered by a context handle to be used inaccessing positioning assistance parameters that is useful and relevantto the femto cell's current location. This context handle may also beused to corroborate any user-entered civic address or other informationindicative of a location. In one implementation, with knowledge of thelocations and identities of local transmitters, a femto cell maydetermine whether it has been moved to a different location. This mayinitiate a process to obtain a new/updated context handle for use inobtaining updated indoor navigation assistance parameters from alocation server.

In another implementation, a self-locating femto cell may utilize knownpositions of other femto cells (e.g., with a GPS receiver/antenna andadjacent to a window) providing “anchor” nodes. Here, the self-locatingfemto cell may acquire signals transmitted from anchor nodes formeasuring ranges to the known locations of the anchor femto cells, forexample.

In yet another implementation, a femto cell may detect conditionsindicative of movement of the femto cell, possibly suggesting a changedlocation. The femto cell may then transmit one or more messages to alocation sever to provide an alert as to a reduced certainty orreliability of a previously determined estimated location the femtocell. Alternatively, the femto cell may initiate operations to obtain anupdated estimate of its location.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system comprising a portable service accesstransceiver (PSAT) 104 which may enable a mobile device to wirelesslyaccess one or more networks according to a communication protocol suchas a wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol, personal area network(PAN), wireless wide area network (WWAN) protocol, just to provide a fewof examples. In a particular implementation, PSAT 104 may comprise afemto cell enabling access to a cellular carrier network. For example,PSAT 104 may be placed in an indoor environment and connected through abroadband connection (e.g., through a DSL or cable modem) to network130. PSAT 104, and other PSATs facilitating communication with a serviceprovider (not shown), may communicate the service provider via gateway107. Here, gateway 107 may connect to proprietary switches (not shown)to perform functions of a mobile switching center (MSC) to providecellular service to mobile device 100. PSAT 104 may receive power froman external power source 106 such as a utility-grade alternating currentpower outlet. In other examples, PSAT 104 may receive power from othertypes of external power sources such as a generator or battery. Itshould be understood that this is merely an example of how a PSAT may beintegrated with a network to extend coverage of a service operator, andclaimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

As pointed out above, an estimated location of PSAT 104 may be used tosupport “911” emergency services to mobile device 100. For example, PSAT104 may determine an estimate of its location using one or moretechniques described below. This estimate of the location of PSAT 104may then be provided to mobile device 100 or stored at a location server(e.g., one or more of servers 140, 150 or 155). The estimated locationof PSAT 104 may be used to route a call to an appropriate Public SafetyAnswering Point (PSAP) to provide an emergency response. Such anappropriate PSAP may comprise a closest PSAP to a location of PSAT 104and/or mobile device 100. In an optional implementation, once a call isestablished with an appropriate PSAP, the estimated location of PSAT 104or mobile device 100 may be forwarded to the appropriate PSAP to notifythe appropriate PSAP of an approximate location of the user needingassistance.

In certain implementations, as shown in FIG. 1, PSAT 104 may receive oracquire satellite positioning system (SPS) signals 159 from SPSsatellites 160. In some embodiments, SPS satellites 160 may be from aglobal navigation satellite system (GNSS), such as the GPS or Galileosatellite systems. In other embodiments, the SPS Satellites may be frommultiple GNSS such as, but not limited to, GPS, Galileo, Glonass, orBeidou (Compass) satellite systems. In other embodiments, SPS satellitesmay be from any one several regional navigation satellite systems(RNSS′) such as, for example, Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS),European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), Quasi-ZenithSatellite System (QZSS), just to name a few examples.

As pointed out above, PSAT 104 may provide mobile device 100 wirelessaccess to a network according to a cellular communication protocol, forexample. In addition, PSAT 104 may transmit radio signals to, andreceive radio signals from, other wireless access devices such as localtransceivers 115 through wireless links 125. Here, a local transceiver115 may comprise a peer PSAT device. In a particular implementation,local transceivers 115 may provide access to a wireless local areanetwork (WLAN, e.g., IEEE Std. 802.11 network) or wireless personal areanetwork (WPAN, e.g., Bluetooth network). In another exampleimplementation, a local transceiver 115 may comprise a femto celltransceiver capable of facilitating communication on link 125 accordingto a cellular communication protocol. Of course it should be understoodthat these are merely examples of networks that may communicate with amobile device over a wireless link through a local transceiver, andclaimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In a particular implementation, local transceivers 115 may communicatewith servers 140, 150 and 155 over a network 130 through links 145.Here, network 130 may comprise any combination of wired or wirelesslinks. In a particular implementation, network 130 may comprise InternetProtocol (IP) infrastructure capable of facilitating communicationbetween or among PSAT 104, servers 140, 150 or 155, and/or gateway 107.

In particular implementations, and as discussed below, PSAT 104 may havecircuitry and processing resources capable of computing a position fixor estimated location of PSAT 104. For example, PSAT 104 may compute aposition fix based, at least in part, on pseudorange measurements tofour or more SPS satellites 160. Here, PSAT 104 may compute suchpseudorange measurements based, at least in part, on pseudonoise codephase detections in signals 159 acquired from four or more SPSsatellites 160. In particular implementations, PSAT 104 may receive fromserver 140, 150 or 155 positioning assistance parameters to aid in theacquisition of signals 159 transmitted by SPS satellites 160 including,for example, almanac, ephemeris parameters, Doppler search windows, justto name a few examples.

In other implementations, PSAT 104 may obtain a position fix byprocessing signals received from terrestrial transmitters fixed at knownlocations (e.g., base station transceiver, not shown) using any one ofseveral techniques such as, for example, advanced forward trilateration(AFLT) and/or observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA). In theseparticular techniques, a range from PSAT 104 may be measured to three ormore of such terrestrial transmitters fixed at known locations based, atleast in part, on signals transmitted by the transmitters fixed at knownlocations and received at PSAT 104. Here, servers 140, 150 or 155 may becapable of providing positioning assistance parameters to PSAT 104including, for example, locations and identities of terrestrialtransmitters to facilitate positioning techniques such as AFLT andOTDOA. In one particular example, servers 140, 150 or 155 may provideassistance parameters for acquisition of cellular signals for obtainingmeasurements (e.g., in the case of synchronous LTE networks using aPositioning Reference Signal (PRS)). In other embodiments, measurementsobtained at mobile device 100 from acquisition of signals may beforwarded to a server for computation of an estimated location of themobile device.

In particular environments such as indoor environments or urban canyons,PSAT 104 may not be capable of acquiring signals 159 from a sufficientnumber of SPS satellites 160 or perform AFLT or OTDOA to compute aposition fix, or may be able to compute a position fix, but with anunacceptable accuracy. Alternatively, PSAT 104 may be capable ofcomputing a position fix based, at least in part, on signals acquiredfrom local transmitters (e.g., WLAN access points positioned at knownlocations). For example, PSAT 104 may obtain a position fix by measuringcharacteristics of signals transmitted from three or more indoorterrestrial wireless access points which are positioned at knownlocations. Such signal characteristics may be measured and associatedwith particular wireless access points positioned at known locations by,for example, obtaining a MAC ID address from signals received from suchaccess points. A position fix may be obtained by measuring one or morecharacteristics of signals received from such access points such as, forexample, received signal strength (RSSI), round trip time (RTT) or angleof arrival (AOA), just to name a few examples. In alternativeimplementations, PSAT 104 may obtain an indoor position fix by applyingcharacteristics of acquired signals to a radio heatmap (e.g., radiofrequency (RF) fingerprinting matching or RF signature matching)indicating expected RSSI and/or RTT signatures at particular locationsin an indoor area. In particular implementations, a radio heatmap mayassociate identities of local transmitters (e.g., a MAC address which isdiscernible from a signal acquired from a local transmitter), expectedRSSI from signals transmitted by the identified local transmitters, anexpected RTT from the identified transmitters, and possibly standarddeviations from these expected RSSI or RTT. The aforementioned examplesof employing signals transmitted by local transmitters allows for theuse of these signals as “indoor navigation signals” where signalstransmitted from an SPS or macro cellular infrastructure cannot bereliably acquired. It should be understood, however, that these aremerely examples of values that may be stored in a radio heatmap forapplication to acquired signals, and that claimed subject matter is notlimited in this respect.

In particular implementations, PSAT 104 may receive positioningassistance parameters for indoor positioning operations from servers140, 150 or 155. For example, such positioning assistance parameters mayinclude locations and identities of transmitters positioned at knownlocations to enable measuring characteristics of signals acquired fromsuch as, for example a measured RSSI, RTT and/or AOA. Other positioningassistance parameters to aid indoor positioning operations may includeradio heatmaps, locations and identities of transmitters, routeabilitygraphs, just to name a few examples. In one implementation, PSAT 104 mayreceive as positioning assistance parameters a routeability graph and/ordigital map to assist PSAT 104 in defining feasible areas for navigationwithin an indoor area based on physical obstructions (e.g., walls) andpassage ways (e.g., doorways in walls). Here, by defining feasible areasfor navigation, PSAT 104 may apply constraints to aid in the applicationof filtering measurements for estimating locations and/or motiontrajectories according to a motion model (e.g., according to a particlefilter and/or Kalman filter). In addition to measurements obtained fromthe acquisition of signals from local transmitters, according to aparticular embodiment, PSAT 104 may further apply a motion model tomeasurements or inferences obtained from inertial sensors (e.g.,accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, etc.) and/or environmentsensors (e.g., temperature sensors, microphones, barometric pressuresensors, ambient light sensors, camera imager, etc.) in estimating alocation or motion state of PSAT 104. In alternative implementations,PSAT 104 may transmit messages containing measurements to a remotelocation server (e.g., server 140, 150 or 155) so that the remotelocation server may estimate a location or motion state of PSAT 104based, at least in part, on the aforementioned assistance parameters.

According to an embodiment, PSAT 104 may access indoor navigationassistance parameters through servers 140, 150 or 155 by, for example,requesting the indoor assistance parameters through selection of auniversal resource locator (URL). In particular implementations, servers140, 150 or 155 may be capable of providing indoor navigation assistanceparameters to cover many different indoor areas including, for example,floors of buildings, wings of hospitals, terminals at an airport,portions of a university campus, areas of a large shopping mall, just toname a few examples. In another implementation, a PSAT may obtain acontext handle (e.g., for use in obtaining indoor navigation assistanceparameters) by first obtaining at least a rough current location of PSAT104. In one example, such a rough current location may comprise alocation estimate obtained from a latest SPS position fix. In anotherexample, the rough current location may comprise a user-enteredlocation. PSAT 104 may then provide the obtained context handle inrequest for indoor navigation assistance parameters covering an areaincluding the rough current location. Also, memory resources at PSAT 104and parameters transmission resources may make receipt of indoornavigation assistance parameters for all areas served by servers 140,150 or 155 impractical or infeasible, a request for indoor navigationassistance parameters from PSAT 104 may indicate a rough or courseestimate of a location of PSAT 104 (e.g., a most recent position fix ormanually entered parameters). PSAT 104 may then be provided indoornavigation assistance parameters covering areas including and/orproximate to the rough or course estimate of the location of PSAT 104.

In particular embodiments, a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 100) mayreceive indoor navigation assistance parameters through a wirelessdownlink. PSAT 104, on the other hand, may reliably receive indoornavigation assistance parameters through a wired connection. Here, PSAT104 may comprise a communication adapter for transmitting and receivingmessages over a wired link to a communication network. For example, ifPSAT 104 is implemented as a femto cell, PSAT may receive indoornavigation assistance parameters from a from a broadband Internetservice over a twisted-pair, coaxial or optical cable) that is used fortransporting cellular traffic. Similarly, if PSAT 104 is implemented asa pico cell, PSAT 104 may receive navigation assistance parameters froma backhaul connection to a base station controller. It should beunderstood, however, that these are merely examples of how a PSAT mayreceive indoor navigation assistance parameters over a wired connection,and claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In one particular implementation, PSAT 104 may be pre-programmed with anaddress to a server for obtaining indoor navigation assistanceparameters. Here, PSAT 104 may transmit a last known SPS position fix,scans of MAC addresses of signals acquired from local transmitters(e.g., IEEE Std. 802.11 access points) to a server at the pre-programmedaddress. The server may respond with context handles or other resourceidentifiers that PSAT 104 may subsequently use to request indoornavigation assistance parameters that is relevant to its currentenvironment. Using a received context handle, PSAT 104 may requestindoor navigation assistance parameters by, for example, presenting thecontext handle in a request message transmitted to a server. A responseto such a request message may return indoor navigation assistanceparameters covering an area covered by the context handle such as, forexample, locations and identities of access points serving the areacovered by the presented context handle or a radio heatmap for the area.Here, if PSAT 104 is moved to a different location with the area coveredby the context handle, the PSAT 104 may have sufficient navigationassistance parameters for obtaining a subsequent position fix withoutrequesting additional indoor navigation assistance parameters.

As pointed out above, an estimated location of a PSAT (e.g., PSAT 104)may be used for routing an emergency call to an appropriate PSAP. Also,a PSAT (e.g., PSAT 104) may forward messages to a location serverindicating an estimated location of the PSAT for use in dispatch of“911” emergency services to mobile devices in range to communicate withthe PSAT. Since a PSAT may be easily disconnected and moved to adifferent location, there is a possibility that an estimated location ofthe PSAT stored in a location server is incorrect or unreliable. FIG. 2is a flow diagram of a process for addressing an impact of possiblemovement of a PSAT on its location as indicated in a location server.

At block 302, a PSAT may determine an estimate of its location using anyone of several techniques as discussed above (e.g., acquisition ofsignals transmitted from SPS transmitters or application of indoorpositioning techniques). Additionally, an estimated location of a PSATmay be programmed manually at a user interface or a web interface. Atblock 304, as described above, a PSAT may transmit one or more messagesto a location server including an estimated location of the PSATdetermined at block 302. The location server may then store theestimated location of the PSAT for future use in dispatching “911”emergency services, for example.

As pointed out above, a PSAT may be easily disconnected and moved to adifferent location within a building or home, making an estimatedlocation of the PSAT stored in a location server unreliable orincorrect. As such, it may be useful to assess or qualify thereliability of accuracy of an estimated location of a PSAT stored in alocation server. As pointed out above, an estimated location of a PSATmay be used to infer a location of a mobile device that is within rangeto acquire a signal transmitted by or receive access services from thePSAT. As pointed out above, this inferred location may then be used forrouting a call to an appropriate PSAP. Here, if an estimated location ofthe PSAT is deemed to be unreliable or inaccurate, other measurements,estimates, approximations or inferences of a location of the mobiledevice may be used for dispatching emergency services, for example. Forexample, if an estimated location of a PSAT stored in a location servermay be deemed to be unreliable, and other estimates the PSAT's locationare available, these other estimates of the PSAT's location may be usedin lieu of the estimated location deemed to be unreliable.

At block 306, a PSAT may detect one or more conditions indicative ofmovement of the PSAT. As discussed above in particular implementations,a PSAT may be readily disconnected from one location and moved to adifferent location. As discussed above in reference to FIG. 1, a PSATmay be connected at a fixed location at an external power source (e.g.,wall utility outlet) or wired service access gateway (e.g., gateway107). One condition indicative of movement of a PSAT may comprise adisruption or discontinuity of power from an external power source,which may suggest that the PSAT has been unplugged from a wall outlet.As pointed out above, a PSAT may have a wired connection to IPinfrastructure through a gateway to communicate with a BSC/MSC inproviding access services to a mobile device. To facilitate messagingbetween a PSAT and BSC/MSC, a domain name server (DNS, not shown) maydynamically assign an IP address to the PSAT according to a Dynamic HostConfiguration Protocol (DHCP). Detection of a newly allocated IP addressmay indicate a possible disconnection of the PSAT from a physicalconnection with an access gateway. Here, this condition may be evaluatedwith or independently of any possible disconnection of a PSAT from anexternal power source to infer possible movement of the PSAT to adifferent location. Block 306 may detect other conditions indicative ifa possible movement of the PSAT such as, for example, signals frommotion detection sensors (e.g., inertial sensors such as accelerometers,gyroscopes, magnetometers) indicative of movement or signals fromenvironmental sensors (e.g., ambient light sensors, heat sensors,barometric pressure sensors, camera imager, etc.) indicative of a changein environment. In another example implementation, a PSAT may detect oneor more conditions indicative of movement based, at least in part, onacquisition of signals transmitted from local transmitters. For example,acquisition of a local signal may indicate a change range between thePSAT and a local transmitter base, at least in part, on a change inreceived signal strength, change in round trip time or change inacquired signal phase, just to provide a few examples. In anotherexample, a condition indicating a possible change in position of a PSATmay be detected from signals transmitted from a macro cellular network,WLAN, WPAN, etc. and observed at the PSAT. For example, new or differentbase stations and/or access points may be observable relative to pastobservations. It should be understood that the aforementioned conditionsindicative of possible movement of a PSAT relative to a point ofreference (e.g., previously estimated location) are merely exampleconditions, and that claimed subject matter is not limited in thisrespect.

At block 308, in response to the one or more conditions detected atblock 307, a PSAT may transmit one or more messages to a location serverindicating that a previously obtained and stored estimate of a locationof the PSAT is unreliable. The location server may then handle thedispatch of emergency “911” services accordingly.

According to an embodiment, a PSAT may transmit local signals to providea beacon for use by mobile devices for obtaining a position fix usingone or more of the aforementioned techniques (e.g., application of anacquired signal to a signature in a radio heatmap or trilateration usingranges measured from RTT or RSSI, or application of AOA). As pointed outabove in block 304, a PSAT may transmit an estimate of its location to aserver for use in a positioning server. If the estimate of the PSAT'slocation is sufficiently accurate and reliable, the PSAT may provide an“anchor” among other transmitters having a known location. For example,the estimate of the PSAT's location and the PSAT's identity (e.g., acell ID or MAC address) may be maintained in a storage medium at aserver and provided to mobile devices along with locations andidentities of other transmitters included in indoor navigationassistance parameters (e.g., in response to a request specifying acontext handle). In one particular implementation, a server mayselectively include the estimate of the PSAT's location based, at leastin part, on an indication of accuracy or reliability of the estimatecomputed at the PSAT. For example, along with receipt of an estimate ofthe PSAT's location, a server may also receive an indication of avariance and/or uncertainty metric of the estimate. Here, if thevariance and/or uncertainty metric exceed a threshold value, a servermay not include the estimate of the PSAT's location in indoor navigationassistance parameters to be provided for use by mobile devices inposition in operations.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an alternative implementation in which alocation of a PSAT may be re-estimated in response to conditionsindicating that a previous estimate is unreliable. In a particularimplementation, blocks 402, 404 and 406 may be performed as describedabove in blocks 302, 304 and 306, respectively. At block 408, however, aPSAT may initiate operations to compute an update of an estimatedlocation in response to detection of one or more conditions set forth inblock 406. Such operations may include, for example, acquiring anprocessing SPS signals, indoor positioning techniques, just to provide afew examples. In alternative implementations, in addition to initiatingpositioning operations at block 406, a PSAT may also transmit one ormore messages to a location server indicating that the previous locationestimate is unreliable as described above for block 308. In yet anotheralternative implementation, a PSAT may conditionally transmit one ormore messages to a location server as described above for block 308 ifpositioning operations initiated at block 408 fail or providesinconclusive or ambiguous results.

FIG. 4A is a flow diagram of a process 500 to initiate operations tocompute an update of an estimated location in response to one or moreconditions indicative of movement (e.g., performed at block 408 of FIG.3) as detected at event 502. At block 504, a PSAT may attempt to obtaina position fix by acquisition of SPS signals. If the attempt to obtain aposition fix by acquisition of SPS signals as determined at diamond 506,block 508 may transmit an updated estimate of a location of the PSAT toa location server and process 500 may terminate at 510.

However, as pointed out above, an SPS receiver of a PSAT may not becapable of acquiring signals from an sufficient number of SPStransmitters to obtain a position fix (e.g., if the PSAT is located inan indoor environment and does not have a sufficient number of SPStransmitters “in view”). While a position fix obtained from acquisitionof SPS signals is typically very accurate, other techniques forobtaining a position fix (e.g., using indoor navigation techniques) maybe less accurate. As discussed above, conditions detected at event 502may comprise disruption in an external power source or new dynamicallyassigned IP address. In a particular implementation, process 500 mayperform additional inquiry to confirm, with greater confidence, that aPSAT has moved before possibly replacing a current location estimate(e.g., obtained using acquisition of SPS signals) with a potentiallyless accurate location estimate (e.g., obtained from indoor positioningtechniques).

If the attempt to obtain an SPS position fix at block 504 is notsuccessful, block 512 may attempt to acquire local signals such as, forexample, signals transmitted by local transmitters including WLAN accesspoints, Bluetooth devices etc. using techniques discussed above. Based,at least in part on characteristics of local signals acquired at block512, diamond 514 may apply one or more tests to confirm, with aparticular degree of confidence, that the PSAT had in fact been movedfrom its previous location. For example, a PSAT may maintain a historyof characteristics of acquired local signals stored in a memory device,including characteristics of local signals acquired from localtransmitters while the PSAT was at its previous location. In thisexample, these characteristics of local signals may include a uniquetransmitter identifier (e.g., a MAC address), RSSI, RTT, just to name afew examples. If local signals acquired at block 512 indicate, forexample, a change in signal environment, diamond 514 may infer thatsignificant movement of the PSAT has occurred. Such a change inenvironment may be inferred, for example, by a presence of signalsacquired from new local transmitters that were not acquired at theprevious location and/or an absence of signals acquired at the PSAT fromtransmitters that were present while the PSAT was at the previouslocation. Such a change in environment may also be detected if, forexample, there is a database change in characteristics (e.g., RSSI orRTT) of signals acquired by the PSAT from while at the previous locationchange. In another implementation, movement of a PSAT may be confirmed,at least in part, from observations of signals from a WWAN (which mayinclude signals transmitted from macro cellular transmitters or othernearby PSATs). Here, changes in the identities of transmitters which areobservable from signals at a PSAT may indicate a change in position ofthe PSAT. It should be understood, however, that these are merelyexamples of how movement of a PSAT may be confirmed with greaterconfidence, and that claimed subject matter is not limited in thisrespect. If movement of a PSAT is confirmed with greater confidence atdiamond 514, an updated position fix from acquired local signals may becomputed at block 516 and an updated estimated location may betransmitted to a location server at block 518. Process 500 may thenterminate at 524.

FIG. 4B is a flow diagram of a process 600 to initiate operations tocompute an update of an estimated location remotely at a location serverin response to one or more conditions indicative of movement (e.g.,performed at block 408 of FIG. 3) as detected at event 602. Block 612may acquire local signals at a PSAT as discussed above in block 512 forthe embodiment of FIG. 4A. If movement of the PSAT is confirmed atdiamond 614 (e.g., using techniques implemented in diamond 514 above),the PSAT may acquire SPS signals at block 616, and then reportmeasurements of local signals (e.g., obtained at block 612) and SPSsignals (e.g., obtained at block 616) to a location server to compute anestimated location of the PSAT.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a PSAT according to an embodiment. PSAT104 (FIG. 1) may comprise one or more features of PSAT 1104 shown inFIG. 5. In certain embodiments, PSAT 1104 may also comprise a wirelesstransceiver 1121 which is capable of transmitting and receiving wirelesssignals 1123 via an antenna 1122 over a wireless communication network.Wireless transceiver 1121 may be connected to bus 1101 by a wirelesstransceiver bus interface 1120. Wireless transceiver bus interface 1120may, in some embodiments be at least partially integrated with wirelesstransceiver 1121. Some embodiments may include multiple wirelesstransceivers 1121 and wireless antennas 1122 to enable transmittingand/or receiving signals according to a corresponding multiple wirelesscommunication standards such as, for example, WiFi, CDMA, WCDMA, LTE andBluetooth, just to name a few examples.

PSAT 1104 may also comprise SPS receiver 1155 capable of receiving andacquiring SPS signals 1159 via SPS antenna 1158. SPS receiver 1155 mayalso process, in whole or in part, acquired SPS signals 1159 forestimating a location of PSAT 1104. In some embodiments, general-purposeprocessor(s) 1111, memory 1140, DSP(s) 1112 and/or specializedprocessors (not shown) may also be utilized to process acquired SPSsignals, in whole or in part, and/or calculate an estimated location ofPSAT 1104, in conjunction with SPS receiver 1155. Storage of SPS orother signals for use in performing positioning operations may beperformed in memory 1140 or registers (not shown).

Also shown in FIG. 5, PSAT 1104 may comprise digital signal processor(s)(DSP(s)) 1112 connected to the bus 1101 by a bus interface 1110,general-purpose processor(s) 1111 connected to the bus 1101 by a businterface 1110 and memory 1140. Bus interface 1110 may be integratedwith the DSP(s) 1112, general-purpose processor(s) 1111 and memory 1140.In various embodiments, functions may be performed in response toexecution of one or more machine-readable instructions stored in memory1140 such as on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, suchas RAM, ROM, FLASH, or disc drive, just to name a few example. The oneor more instructions may be executable by general-purpose processor(s)1111, specialized processors, or DSP(s) 1112. Memory 1140 may comprise anon-transitory processor-readable memory and/or a computer-readablememory that stores software code (programming code, instructions, etc.)that are executable by processor(s) 1111 and/or DSP(s) 1112 to performfunctions or operations described herein.

Also shown in FIG. 5, a user interface 1130 may comprise any one ofseveral devices such as, for example, a speaker, microphone, displaydevice, vibration device, keyboard, touch screen, just to name a fewexamples. In a particular implementation, user interface 1130 may enablea user to interact with one or more applications hosted on PSAT 1104(e.g., to allow a user to manually specify a location for the PSAT).

PSAT 1104 may also comprise sensors 1162 coupled to bus 1101 which mayinclude, for example, inertial sensors and environment sensors. Inertialsensors of sensors 1162 may comprise, for example accelerometers (e.g.,collectively responding to acceleration of PSAT 1104 in threedimensions), one or more gyroscopes or one or more magnetometers (e.g.,to support one or more compass applications). Environment sensors ofPSAT 1104 may comprise, for example, temperature sensors, barometricpressure sensors, ambient light sensors, camera imagers, microphones,just to name few examples. Sensors 1162 may generate analog or digitalsignals that may be stored in memory 1140 and processed by DPS(s) orgeneral purpose processor 1111 to, for example, detect one or moreconditions indicative of movement of PSAT 1104 as discussed above.

In a particular implementation, a general purpose processor or DSP(e.g., general purpose/application processor 1111 or DSP(s) 1112) may becapable of performing baseband processing of signals received anddownconverted at wireless transceiver 1121 or SPS receiver 1155.Similarly, a general purpose processor or DSP may perform basebandprocessing of signals to be upconverted for transmission by wirelesstransceiver 1121. It should be understood, however, that these aremerely examples of structures that may perform baseband processing, andthat claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

PSAT 1104 may comprise a power supply 1160 for receiving power from anexternal power source (not shown) at a power cable 1170, and fordistributing power among components of PSAT 1104. Here, power supply1160 may be cable of affecting a signal on bus 1101 to indicate whetherpower supply 1160 is connected to disconnected from the external powersource (e.g., if battery backed power is available). General purposeprocessor 1111 may monitor this signal to detect a disruption in powerfrom the external power source, possibly indicating movement of PSAT1104 to a different location as discussed above.

PSAT 1104 may also comprise a backhaul modem 1135 for facilitating awired communication connection to a network as a communication adapterfor transmitting and receiving messages over a wired network link. Forexample, backhaul modem 1135 may comprise a cable modem and/or DSL modemfor providing broadband access to IP infrastructure. In particularimplementations as discussed above, PSAT 1140 may communicate throughbackhaul modem 1135 to a gateway and/or soft switches to supportwireless access services to mobile devices. In other embodiments,backhaul model 1135 may provide a direct connection to a base stationcontroller for transporting cellular service traffic, messagesrequesting indoor navigation assistance parameters or messages providingindoor navigation assistance parameters. Backhaul modem 1135 may alsoprovide one or more signals on bus 1101 indicating whether a new IPaddress has been dynamically assigned to PSAT (e.g., according to DHCPas discussed above), possibly indicating movement of PSAT 1104 to adifferent location as discussed above.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example system 1200 thatmay include one or more devices configurable to implement techniques orprocesses described above, for example, in connection with FIG. 1.System 1200 may include, for example, a first device 1202, a seconddevice 1204, and a third device 1206, which may be operatively coupledtogether through a wireless communications network 1208. In an aspect,first device 1202 may comprise a server capable of providing positioningassistance parameters such as, for example, a base station almanac.First device 1202 may also comprise a server capable of providing an LCIto a requesting mobile device based, at least in part, on a roughestimate of a location of the requesting mobile device. First device1202 may also comprise a server capable of providing indoor positioningassistance parameters relevant to a location of an LCI specified in arequest from a mobile device. Second and third devices 1204 and 1206 maycomprise mobile devices, in an aspect. Also, in an aspect, wirelesscommunications network 1208 may comprise one or more wireless accesspoints, for example. However, claimed subject matter is not limited inscope in these respects.

First device 1202, second device 1204 and third device 1206, as shown inFIG. 6, may be representative of any device, appliance or machine thatmay be configurable to exchange parameters over wireless communicationsnetwork 1208. By way of example but not limitation, any of first device1202, second device 1204, or third device 1206 may include: one or morecomputing devices or platforms, such as, e.g., a desktop computer, alaptop computer, a workstation, a server device, or the like; one ormore personal computing or communication devices or appliances, such as,e.g., a personal digital assistant, mobile communication device, or thelike; a computing system or associated service provider capability, suchas, e.g., a database or data storage service provider/system, a networkservice provider/system, an Internet or intranet serviceprovider/system, a portal or search engine service provider/system, awireless communication service provider/system; or any combinationthereof. Any of the first, second, and third devices 1202, 1204, and1206, respectively, may comprise one or more of a base station almanacserver, a base station, or a mobile device in accordance with theexamples described herein.

Similarly, wireless communications network 1208, as shown in FIG. 10, isrepresentative of one or more communication links, processes, orresources configurable to support the exchange of parameters between atleast two of first device 1202, second device 1204, and third device1206. By way of example but not limitation, wireless communicationsnetwork 1208 may include wireless or wired communication links,telephone or telecommunications systems, data buses or channels, opticalfibers, terrestrial or space vehicle resources, local area networks,wide area networks, intranets, the Internet, routers or switches, andthe like, or any combination thereof. As illustrated, for example, bythe dashed lined box illustrated as being partially obscured of thirddevice 1206, there may be additional like devices operatively coupled towireless communications network 1208.

It is recognized that all or part of the various devices and networksshown in system 1200, and the processes and methods as further describedherein, may be implemented using or otherwise including hardware,firmware, software, or any combination thereof.

Thus, by way of example but not limitation, second device 1204 mayinclude at least one processing unit 1220 that is operatively coupled toa memory 1222 through a bus 1228.

Processing unit 1220 is representative of one or more circuitsconfigurable to perform at least a portion of a data computing procedureor process. By way of example but not limitation, processing unit 1220may include one or more processors, controllers, microprocessors,microcontrollers, application specific integrated circuits, digitalsignal processors, programmable logic devices, field programmable gatearrays, and the like, or any combination thereof.

Memory 1222 is representative of any data storage mechanism. Memory 1222may include, for example, a primary memory 1224 or a secondary memory1226. Primary memory 1224 may include, for example, a random accessmemory, read only memory, etc. While illustrated in this example asbeing separate from processing unit 1220, it should be understood thatall or part of primary memory 1224 may be provided within or otherwiseco-located/coupled with processing unit 1220.

Secondary memory 1226 may include, for example, the same or similar typeof memory as primary memory or one or more data storage devices orsystems, such as, for example, a disk drive, an optical disc drive, atape drive, a solid state memory drive, etc. In certain implementations,secondary memory 1226 may be operatively receptive of, or otherwiseconfigurable to couple to, a computer-readable medium 1240.Computer-readable medium 1240 may include, for example, anynon-transitory medium that can carry or make accessible data, code orinstructions for one or more of the devices in system 1200.Computer-readable medium 1240 may also be referred to as a storagemedium.

Second device 1204 may include, for example, a communication interface1030 that provides for or otherwise supports the operative coupling ofsecond device 1204 to at least wireless communications network 1208. Byway of example but not limitation, communication interface 1230 mayinclude a network interface device or card, a modem, a router, a switch,a transceiver, and the like.

Second device 1204 may include, for example, an input/output device1232. Input/output device 1232 is representative of one or more devicesor features that may be configurable to accept or otherwise introducehuman or machine inputs, or one or more devices or features that may beconfigurable to deliver or otherwise provide for human or machineoutputs. By way of example but not limitation, input/output device 1232may include an operatively configured display, speaker, keyboard, mouse,trackball, touch screen, data port, etc.

The methodologies described herein may be implemented by various meansdepending upon applications according to particular examples. Forexample, such methodologies may be implemented in hardware, firmware,software, or combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, forexample, a processing unit may be implemented within one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”), digital signalprocessors (“DSPs”), digital signal processing devices (“DSPDs”),programmable logic devices (“PLDs”), field programmable gate arrays(“FPGAs”), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors,electronic devices, other devices units designed to perform thefunctions described herein, or combinations thereof.

Some portions of the detailed description included herein are presentedin terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations onbinary digital signals stored within a memory of a specific apparatus orspecial purpose computing device or platform. In the context of thisparticular specification, the term specific apparatus or the likeincludes a general purpose computer once it is programmed to performparticular operations pursuant to instructions from program software.Algorithmic descriptions or symbolic representations are examples oftechniques used by those of ordinary skill in the signal processing orrelated arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilled inthe art. An algorithm is here, and generally, is considered to be aself-consistent sequence of operations or similar signal processingleading to a desired result. In this context, operations or processinginvolve physical manipulation of physical quantities. Typically,although not necessarily, such quantities may take the form ofelectrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred,combined, compared or otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient attimes, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signalsas bits, data, parameters, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms,numbers, numerals, or the like. It should be understood, however, thatall of these or similar terms are to be associated with appropriatephysical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the discussion herein,it is appreciated that throughout this specification discussionsutilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,”“determining” or the like refer to actions or processes of a specificapparatus, such as a special purpose computer, special purpose computingapparatus or a similar special purpose electronic computing device. Inthe context of this specification, therefore, a special purpose computeror a similar special purpose electronic computing device is capable ofmanipulating or transforming signals, typically represented as physicalelectronic or magnetic quantities within memories, registers, or otherinformation storage devices, transmission devices, or display devices ofthe special purpose computer or similar special purpose electroniccomputing device.

Wireless communication techniques described herein may be in connectionwith various wireless communications networks such as a wireless widearea network (“WWAN”), a wireless local area network (“WLAN”), awireless personal area network (WPAN), and so on. The term “network” and“system” may be used interchangeably herein. A WWAN may be a CodeDivision Multiple Access (“CDMA”) network, a Time Division MultipleAccess (“TDMA”) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (“FDMA”)network, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (“OFDMA”)network, a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (“SC-FDMA”)network, or any combination of the above networks, and so on. A CDMAnetwork may implement one or more radio access technologies (“RATs”)such as cdma2000, Wideband-CDMA (“W-CDMA”), to name just a few radiotechnologies. Here, cdma2000 may include technologies implementedaccording to IS-95, IS-2000, and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network mayimplement Global System for Mobile Communications (“GSM”), DigitalAdvanced Mobile Phone System (“D-AMPS”), or some other RAT. GSM andW-CDMA are described in documents from a consortium named “3rdGeneration Partnership Project” (“3GPP”). Cdma2000 is described indocuments from a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2”(“3GPP2”). 3GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publicly available. 4G Long TermEvolution (“LTE”) communications networks may also be implemented inaccordance with claimed subject matter, in an aspect. A WLAN maycomprise an IEEE 802.11x network, and a WPAN may comprise a Bluetoothnetwork, an IEEE 802.15x, for example. Wireless communicationimplementations described herein may also be used in connection with anycombination of WWAN, WLAN or WPAN.

In another aspect, as previously mentioned, a wireless transmitter oraccess point may comprise a femto cell, utilized to extend cellulartelephone service into a business or home. In such an implementation,one or more mobile devices may communicate with a femto cell via a codedivision multiple access (“CDMA”) cellular communication protocol, forexample, and the femto cell may provide the mobile device access to alarger cellular telecommunication network by way of another broadbandnetwork such as the Internet.

Techniques described herein may be used with an SPS that includes anyone of several GNSS and/or combinations of GNSS. Furthermore, suchtechniques may be used with positioning systems that utilize terrestrialtransmitters acting as “pseudolites”, or a combination of SVs and suchterrestrial transmitters. Terrestrial transmitters may, for example,include ground-based transmitters that broadcast a PN code or otherranging code (e.g., similar to a GPS or CDMA cellular signal). Such atransmitter may be assigned a unique PN code so as to permitidentification by a remote receiver. Terrestrial transmitters may beuseful, for example, to augment an SPS in situations where SPS signalsfrom an orbiting SV might be unavailable, such as in tunnels, mines,buildings, urban canyons or other enclosed areas. Another implementationof pseudolites is known as radio-beacons. The term “SV”, as used herein,is intended to include terrestrial transmitters acting as pseudolites,equivalents of pseudolites, and possibly others. The terms “SPS signals”and/or “SV signals”, as used herein, is intended to include SPS-likesignals from terrestrial transmitters, including terrestrialtransmitters acting as pseudolites or equivalents of pseudolites.

The terms, “and,” and “or” as used herein may include a variety ofmeanings that will depend at least in part upon the context in which itis used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C,is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, aswell as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. Referencethroughout this specification to “one example” or “an example” meansthat a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described inconnection with the example is included in at least one example ofclaimed subject matter. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in oneexample” or “an example” in various places throughout this specificationare not necessarily all referring to the same example. Furthermore, theparticular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined inone or more examples. Examples described herein may include machines,devices, engines, or apparatuses that operate using digital signals.Such signals may comprise electronic signals, optical signals,electromagnetic signals, or any form of energy that provides informationbetween locations.

While there has been illustrated and described what are presentlyconsidered to be example features, it will be understood by thoseskilled in the art that various other modifications may be made, andequivalents may be substituted, without departing from claimed subjectmatter. Additionally, many modifications may be made to adapt aparticular situation to the teachings of claimed subject matter withoutdeparting from the central concept described herein. Therefore, it isintended that claimed subject matter not be limited to the particularexamples disclosed, but that such claimed subject matter may alsoinclude all aspects falling within the scope of the appended claims, andequivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising, at a personal service accesstransceiver (PSAT): communicating with a location server to obtainindoor navigation assistance parameters; acquiring one or more indoornavigation signals; and computing an estimate of a location of said PSATbased, at least in part, on application of characteristics of at leastone of said acquired signals to said indoor navigation assistanceparameters.
 2. The method of claim 1, and further comprising using saidcomputed estimate in providing at least one navigation service.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein communicating with said location server toobtain indoor navigation assistance parameters further comprises:associating a current location of said PSAT with a context handle based,at least in part, on parameters indicative of said current location; andrequesting said indoor navigation assistance parameters based, at leastin part, on said context handle.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein saidparameters of said current location comprise a most recently receivedsatellite positioning system (SPS) position fix.
 5. The method of claim3, wherein said parameters of said current location comprises auser-entered location.
 6. The method of claim 3, and further comprising:detecting that said PSAT has been relocated based, at least in part, onacquisition of at least one signal from a transmitter positioned at aknown location.
 7. The method of claim 6, and further comprising:determining an updated context handle in response to detecting that saidPSAT has been relocated; obtaining updated indoor navigation assistanceparameters from said location server based, at least in part, on saidupdated context handle; and computing an updated estimate of saidlocation based, at least in part, on said updated indoor navigationassistance parameters.
 8. The method of claim of claim 1, and furthercomprising forwarding said estimated location of said PSAT to a PublicSafety Answering Point for use as a proximity position.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, and further comprising: selecting a Public Safety AnsweringPoint (PSAP) based, at least in part, on said estimated location of saidPSAT; and routing a call to said selected PSAP in response to detectionof an emergency event.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein communicatingwith said location server to obtain indoor navigation assistanceparameters comprises: transmitting a request message to said locationserver over a wired connection and without use of a wireless accessservice; and receiving said indoor navigation assistance parameters oversaid wired connection and without use of a wireless access service. 11.The method of claim 10, wherein said wired connection comprises aninternet protocol connection over a cable service.
 12. The method ofclaim 10, wherein said wired connection comprises a backhaul connectionto a base station controller.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein saidrequest message comprises a context handle indicative of an approximatelocation of said PSAT.
 14. A portable service access transceiver (PSAT)comprising: a receiver to acquire wirelessly transmitted signals; and aprocessor configured to: communicate with a location server to obtainindoor navigation assistance parameters; obtain characteristics one ormore indoor navigation signals acquired at said receiver; and compute anestimate of a location of said PSAT based, at least in part, onapplication of characteristics of at least one of said acquired signalsto said indoor navigation assistance parameters.
 15. The PSAT of claim14, and further comprising a wired communication adapter fortransmitting and receiving messages over a wired communication link, andwherein said processor is further configured to: initiate transmissionof a request message to said location server through said wiredcommunication adapter and over a wired communication link and withoutuse of a wireless access service; and obtain said indoor navigationassistance parameters received at said wired communication adapter inresponse to said request message over said wired communication link andwithout use of a wireless access service.
 16. The PSAT of claim 15,wherein said wired communication link comprises a cable for receiving anInternet Protocol service.
 17. The PSAT of claim 15, wherein said wiredcommunication link comprises a backhaul connection to a base stationcontroller.
 18. The PSAT of claim 15, wherein said request messagecomprises a context handle indicative of an approximate location of saidPSAT.
 19. The PSAT of claim 15, wherein said processor is further toforward an estimated location of said PSAT to a Public Safety AnsweringPoint.
 20. The PSAT of claim 15, wherein said processor is furtherconfigured to: select a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) based, atleast in part, on an estimated location of said PSAT; and route a callto said selected PSAP in response to detection of an emergency event.21. A method comprising, at a server: transmitting indoor navigationassistance parameters to a portable service access transceiver (PSAT);receiving an estimate of a location of said PSAT determined based, atleast in part, on said transmitted indoor navigation assistanceparameters; and updating said indoor navigation assistance parameters ina storage medium to include said received estimate of said location ofsaid PSAT and an identifier of said PSAT, said updated indoor navigationassistance parameters to be made available to mobile devices.
 22. Themethod of claim 21, and further comprising; assessing a reliability oraccuracy of said estimate of said location of said PSAT; and whereinupdating said indoor navigation assistance parameters further comprisesselectively including said estimate of said location of said PSAT insaid indoor positioning assistance parameters based, at least in part,on said assessed reliability or accuracy.
 23. The method of claim 22,and wherein assessing said reliability or accuracy of said estimate ofsaid location comprises comparing an estimated variance of said estimateof said location of said PSAT to a threshold.
 24. The method of claim21, wherein said identifier of said PSAT comprises a MAC address or CellID.
 25. The method of claim 21, wherein said updated indoor navigationassistance parameters comprises estimated locations of at least threetransmitters including said estimate of said location of said PSAT. 26.A server comprising: a communication interface; and one or moreprocessors configured to: initiate transmission of indoor navigationassistance parameters to a portable service access transceiver (PSAT);obtain an estimate of a location of said PSAT received at saidcommunication interface and determined based, at least in part, on saidtransmitted indoor navigation assistance parameters; and update saidindoor navigation assistance parameters in a storage medium to includesaid received estimate of said location of said PSAT and an identifierof said PSAT, said updated indoor navigation assistance parameters to bemade available to mobile devices for positioning operations.
 27. Theserver of claim 26, wherein said one or more processors are furtherconfigured to; assess a reliability or accuracy of said estimate of saidlocation of said PSAT; and update said indoor navigation assistanceparameters further by selectively including said estimate of saidlocation of said PSAT in said indoor positioning assistance parametersbased, at least in part, on said assessed reliability or accuracy. 28.The server of claim 27, wherein said reliability or accuracy of saidestimate of said location is to be assessed by comparing an estimatedvariance of said estimate of said location of said PSAT to a threshold.29. The server of claim 26, wherein said identifier of said PSAT is tocomprise a MAC address or Cell ID.
 30. The server of claim 26, whereinsaid updated indoor navigation assistance parameters is to compriseestimated locations of at least three transmitters to include saidestimate of said location of said PSAT.